Isolation, Characterization, and Breast Cancer Cytotoxic Activity of Gyrophoric Acid from the Lichen Umbilicaria muhlenbergii

Lichens produce a large variety of secondary metabolites with diverse bioactivities, chemical structures, and physicochemical properties. For this reason, there is growing interest in the use lichen-derived bioactive molecules for drug discovery development. Here, we report on isolation, identification, cytotoxic evaluation gyrophoric acid (GA) from lichen Umbilicaria muhlenbergii, largely unexplored scantly described species. A simple purification protocol was developed fractionation crude extracts silica gel column chromatography using solvents changing polarity. GA identified one fractions Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ion trap mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR 13C-NMR). The FTIR spectra demonstrated presence aromatic ester functional groups C=C, C-H, C=O bonds, most remarkable signals recorded at 1400 cm?1 region, CH3 groups, 1650 carbonyl GA. MS showed molecular [M-1]? (m/z) 467 weight 468.4 formula C24H20O10. that correspond to 1H-NMR 13C-NMR verified shifts are typical reduced cell viability breast cancer cells MCF-7 line by 98%, which indicative strong properties its significant potential serve as potent anticancer drug.